Official name
Synonyms
Stigmus pendulus [Soortenregister]
Stigmus ater
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CONTENTS
1. Distitrbution
2. Behaviour
3. Plant relations
4. Prey relations
5. Parasitic relations
6. Identification
1. DISTRIBUTION
Stigmus pendulus is an uncommon wasp [Waarneming.nl] that occurs in the interior of the Netherlands and is rarer at the coast [Waarneming.nl],[Peeters et al. 2004],[Klein 1999].
2. BEHAVIOUR
2.1. ACTIVITY
The species is active from end April to beginning of October [Peeters et al. 2004].
2.2. DEVELOPMENT
Nest
The species nests in abandoned corridors in wood made by other insects [Peeters et al. 2004].
Ei
The egg is probably placed ventrally on the prey thorax or abdomen, as in P. americanus [Bohart & Menke 1976].
2.3. BEE HOTEL
I’ve not yet observed the species on the bee hotels.
2.4. MATING
The species probably produces two generation per year [Peeters et al. 2004].
2.5. HUNTING
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3. PLANT RELATIONS
3.1. WOOD TYPES
The following wood types are mentioned in literature as medium for the wasp to built her nests:
Adoxaceae | Sambucus (Elder) [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Betulaceae | Alnus Alnus glutinosa (Black alder) [Peeters et al. 2004] Carpinus Carpinus betulus (Common hornbeam) [Peeters et al. 2004] |
Celastraceae | Euonymus [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Fabaceae | Erythrina [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Lauraceae | Sassafras [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Malvaceae | Tilia – Tilia (Lime) [Vikberg 1999] |
Oleaceae | Chionanthus [Bohart & Menke 1976] Fraxinus Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) [Peeters et al. 2004] Syringa [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Paeoniaceae | Paeonia (Peony) [Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Rosaceae | Rubus – Rubus (Bramble) [Peeters et al. 2004],[Bohart & Menke 1976] |
Salicaceae | Salix – Salix (Willow) [Peeters et al. 2004] |
Scrophulariaceae | Buddleja – Buddleja davidii (Butterfly bush) [own observation] (in drillholes of Anobium sp. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)) |
Timber may be used as well [Bohart & Menke 1976].
3.2. FOOD PLANTS
The following plant species are mentioned in literature as food sources:
– | – |
4. PREY RELATIONS
The species uses Aphididae (Aphids) [Peeters et al. 2004],[Bohart & Menke 1976], including nymphs [Vikberg 1999].
The following species and group occurring in the Netherlands [Soortenregister] are mentioned in literature:
Aphididae (Aphids) | Myzus – Myzus lythri [Woydak 1996] Tuberculatus – Tuberculatus annulatus [Vikberg 1999] |
Prey species outside the Netherlands:
– | – |
5. PARASITIC RELATIONS
The following species and groups occurring in the Netherlands [Soortenregister] are mentioned in literature:
Ichneumonidae (Ichneumon wasps) | Perithous – Perithous divinator [Peeters et al. 2004],[Woydak 1996] – Perithous scurra [Peeters et al. 2004, as P. mediator],[Woydak 1996] |
Chalcidoidae (Chalcid wasps) | Torymidae Torymus – Torymus armatus [Peeters et al. 2004, as Diomorus armatus] |
Parasitic species outside the Netherlands:
– | – |
6. IDENTIFICATION
Length males: 3,5 – 4,5 mm
Length females: 4 – 5,5 mm
Genus
The genus Stigmus can be identified using the following characters:
1. Forewing: with two submarginal cells [Bitsch 2022],Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
2. Forewing: with one discoidal cell [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
4. Forewing: length pterostigma (P) about equally large as marginal cell (M) [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
5. Abdomen: petiolate





1. Antenna: with 12 segments [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
2. Abdomen: with 6 segments [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
3. Abdomen: tergum VI with pygidium [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
HEAD
1. Frons: in front of frontal ocellus with longitudinal furrow [Bitsch 2022]
BORSTSTUK
1. Pronotal lobe: black [Bitch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
2. Top side (mesepimeron): smooth and glossy, with scattered punctation [Bitch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
ABDOMEN
–





1. Antenna: with 13 segments [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007]
2. Abdomen: with 7 segments [Bitsch 2022],[Jacobs 2007]
3. Abdomen: sternum VII with thorn [Bitch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
HEAD
1. Clypeus: apical edge without notched sides [Bitsch 2022]
2. Frons: in front of frontal ocellus with longitudinal furrow [Bitsch 2022]
THORAX
1. Pronotal lobe: black, seldom apically somewhat lighter [Bitch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
2. Top side (mesepimeron): smooth and glossy, with scattered punctation [Bitch 2022],[Jacobs 2007],[Klein 1999]
ACHTERLIJF
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Literature
Bitsch 2022 Bitsch, J., 2022. Hyménoptères sphéciformes d'Europe: Systématique (3e partie) : Pemphredoninae et Philanthinae. France: Fédération française des sociétés de sciences naturelles.Bohart & Menke 1976 Bohart, R.M. & Menke A.S., 1976. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. - University of California Press, 695 p.
Jacobs 2007 Jacobs, H.J., 2007. Die Grabwespen Deutschlands Ampulicidae. Sphecidae, Crabronidae–Bestimmungsschlüssel in Blank, SM & Taeger, A (Hrsg): Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise, Hymenoptera III–Keltern, Goecke & Evers, 79: 1-207.
Klein 1999 Klein, W., 1999 De graafwespen van de Benelux: supplement. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, 1-37. + Klein, W., 1996. De graafwespen van de Benelux. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, 1-130.
Peeters et al. 2004 Peeters, T.M.J., C. van Achterberg, W.R.B. Heitmans, W.F. Klein, V. Lefeber, A.J. van Loon, A.A. Mabelis, H. Nieuwen-huijsen, M. Reemer, J. de Rond, J. Smit, H.H.W. Velthuis, 2004. De wespen en mieren van Nederland (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). – Nederlandse Fauna 6. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Leiden, knnv Uitgeverij, Utrecht & European Invertebrate Survey – Nederland, Leiden.
Vikberg 1999 Vikberg, V., 1999. Crossocerus assimilis and Bethylus boops, two aculeate wasps new to the fauna of Finland (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae and Bethylidae). Entomologica Fennica, 10(4), 245-246.
Waarneming.nl Waarneming.nl
Woydak 1996 Woydak, H., 1996. Hymenoptera Aculeata Westfalica Familia: Sphecidae (Grabwespen), 3-135.
Citation
Krischan, O.R., 2025. Stigmus pendulus. Kerfdier, www.kerfdier.nl. Accessed on 1 May 2025.