MORPHOLOGY
Head
Thorax
Wings
Wing length
Abdomen
Ovipositor
Surface structure
BIOLOGY
Development
Voltinism
Nesting strategy
Nest architecture
Biotope
MORPHOLOGY
Head
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| torulus | torulus | torulus | Ring-shaped socket for antenna Crabro peltarius ♂ |
| cephalic foveae | kruingroeven | Scheitelgrube | Pit-shaped recess located between the rear ocelli and the head hind edge. Symmorphus crassicornis ♀ |
Thorax
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| episternal sulcus, pre-episternal suture | epistarnale sutuur, pre-episternale sutuur | episternalsulcus, | vertical single or double row of pits one mesopleuron (here single) Passaloecus corniger ♂ |
| hypersternaulus | hypersternaulus | hypersternaulus | horizontal row of pits, or groove on mesopleuron Passaloecus corniger ♂ |
| mesopleuraulus | mesopleuraulus | mesopleuraulus | horizontal row of pits, or groove on mesopleuron Passaloecus corniger ♂ |
| scrobal sulcus | scrobal sulcus | scrobalsulcus | see mesopleuraulus |
| notauli, parapsidale lijnen / groeven | notauli, parapsidal lines / furrow | notauli, parapsidial furchen | longitudinal grooves on the scutum Symmorphus crassicornis ♀  Passaloecus corniger ♂ |
Wings
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| hamuli | hamuli | hamuli | Hooks on the front edge of the hid wing used to hook these onto the front wing during flight. Crossocerus annulipes ♂︎ |
Wing length
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| apterous | apteer | apter | No wings Gelis spurius ♀ |
| micropterous | micropteer | micropter | – wings very short – size and veins underdeveloped, scale-like or smaller – flight impossible |
| brachypterous | brachypteer | brachypter | – wings short – size and veins underdeveloped – flight impossible  Meconema meridionale |
| sub-macropterous | sub-macropteer | sub-macropter | – wings fully developed but short than macropterous – flight possible |
| macropterous | macropteer | macropter | – wing fully developed – flight possible    |
Abdomen
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| petiolate | gesteeld | gestielt | First abdominal segment long and thin Apaeleticus inimicus  Diadromus tenax |
| not petiolate | niet gesteeld / wespentaille | nicht gestield | A normal wasps waiste Symmorphus gracilis ♂ In some cases somewhat petiolate but the petiole is not longer than wide  Passaloecus corniger ♂︎ |
Ovipositor
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| amblypygous | amblypyg | amblypyg | Ovipositor does not extend beyond the abdominal tip Apaeleticus inimicus ♀ |
| oxypygous | oxypyg | oxypyg | Ovipositor extends beyond the abdominal tip Gelis bicolor ♀ |
Surface structure
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| punctated | gestippeld, gepuncteerd | punktiert | with pits, punctures Finely:  Gelis spurius ♀ (frons) Finely, sparsely:  Crossocerus annulipes ♀ (mesonotum) Coarse:  Cerceris rybyensis ♀ (tergites) |
| striate | gerimpeld | gerunzelt |  Ectemnius cephalotes ♂ (mesopleuron) |
| striped | gestreept | gestreift, strichliert |  Nitela borealis ♀ (gena)  Ectemnius cephalotes ♂ (mesonotum)  Ectemnius cavifrons ♀ (metapleuron, side propodeum) |
| granulate, grained | korrelig, gegranuleerd | gekörnelt | oppervlak lijkt bedekt met kleine korreltjes Gelis spurius ♀ |
| coriaceous | leerachtig, gechagrineerd | ledrig, längsgerunzelt |  Ectemnius cavifrons ♀ (mesonotum) |
| netachtig | |||
| rugose | rugoos | Coarselt wrinkled Gasteruption assectator ♀ (mesoscutum in front of scutellum) | |
| rugulose | ruguloos | Weakly wrinkled Gasteruption erythrostomum ♂ (sidelobes mesoscutum) | |
| sinuate, sinuous | sinuaat, sinusachtig | sinuiert | Waving Ancisterocerus nigricornis (yellow band sternite II&III) |
BIOLOGY
Development
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| potandry | proterandrie | proterandrie | phenomenon where males appear earlier than the females |
Voltinism
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| bivoltine | bivoltien | bivoltine | two generations per year |
| multivoltine (plurivoltine) | multivoltien (plurivoltine) | multivoltine (plurivoltine) | two or more generations per year |
| partivoltine | partivoltien | partivoltine | one generation in more than two years |
| semivoltine | semivoltien | semivoltine | one generation per two years |
| univoltine | univoltien | univoltine | one generation per year |
Nesting strategy
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| endogeic | endogeïsch | endogäisch | nesting in the ground |
| epigeic epigeal | epigeïsch epigeaal | epigäisch | part of the nest above ground / developing above ground |
| hypergeic | hypergeïsch | hypergäisch | nesting above ground in structures like stems, wood |
| hyper-/endogeic | hyper-/endogeïsch | hyper-/endogäisch | nesting in or close to ground |
Nest architecture
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calyptodome | Calyptodome | Calyptodome | Nest with enclosed envelope (e.g. Vespula) |
| Gymnodome | Gymnodome | Gymnodome | Nest without enclosed envelope (e.g. Polistes)  Polistes dominula |
| Term | Dutch | German | Toelichting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | preliminary plug | achterwand nest | – | the first plug in the back of the nest, which forms the rear wall of the first brood cell. |
| B | brood cell | broedcel | Brutzelle / Brutkammer [5] | a space between two cell plugs in which the larva develops. The front cell plug forms the rear wall of the next cell. |
| C | cell plug | tussenwand | – | wall between two brood cells, closes the rear cell and enables the provisioning of the next. |
| D | intercalary cell | tussen cel | Leerzelle [5] | empty cell between two brood cells, probably a defence against parasites. |
| E | vestibular cell | vestibule / vestibulaire cel | Leerzelle [5] | one or more empty cells directly located behind the nest plug, probably a defence against parasites. |
| F | closing plug / nest plug | nest afsluiting / nest plug | Verdeckelung | thick plug that closes the nest entrance |
Biotope
| Term | Dutch | German | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| synanthropic | synanthropisch | synanthropisch | living near humans |
| stenotopic | stenotopisch | stenotopisch | living in a small number of specifically defined biotopes |
| eurytopic | eurytopisch | eurytopisch | living in a large number of different biotopes |
| psammophile | psammofiel | psammophil | has preference to live in a sandy environment |
Other Terminology sources
| Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Portal The Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology project: Yoder MJ, Mikó I, Seltmann KC, Bertone MA, Deans AR. 2010. A Gross Anatomy Ontology for Hymenoptera. PLoS ONE 5 (12): e15991. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015991 |
| A Glossary of Surface Sculpturing [1] Online resource with better rescans of the original photos: A Glossary of Surface Sculpturing |
| The Social Insects Glossary Antbase.org: The Social Insects Glossary |
References
1 Harris, Rick. (1979). A glossary of surface sculpturing. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Occasional Papers in Entomology, California Dept. of Food and Agriculture. 28. 1-31.